Carbon ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakajairika muzvisikwa, zvinosanganisira zvimiro zvezvinenge zvinhu zvese zvinowanikwa paNyika.Inoratidza huwandu hwakawanda hwehunhu, hwakadai sekuoma kwakasiyana uye kupfava, insulation-semiconductor-superconductor maitiro, kupisa kupisa-superconductivity, uye kunyura kwechiedza-kwakazara pachena.Pakati peizvi, zvishandiso zvine sp2 hybridization inhengo huru dzemhuri yekabhoni zvinhu, kusanganisira graphite, kabhoni nanotubes, graphene, fullerenes, uye amorphous girazi kabhoni.
Graphite uye Glassy Carbon Samples
Nepo zvinhu zvakapfuura zvichizivikanwa, ngatitarisei pane girazi kabhoni nhasi.Girazi kabhoni, inozivikanwawo segirazi kabhoni kana vitreous kabhoni, inosanganisa zvimiro zvegirazi uye ceramics kuita isiri-graphitic kabhoni.Kusiyana necrystalline graphite, ndeye amorphous kabhoni zvinhu zvinenge 100% sp2-yakasanganiswa.Girazi kabhoni inogadzirwa nepamusoro-tembiricha sintering ye precursor organic compounds, senge phenolic resins kana furfuryl doro resins, pasi pemhepo inert gasi.Chitarisiko chayo chitema uye nzvimbo yakatsetseka segirazi yakaita kuti iwane zita rekuti "girazi kabhoni."
Kubva pakuumbwa kwayo kwekutanga nemasayendisiti muna 1962, chimiro uye zvimiro zvegirazi kabhoni zvakadzidzwa zvakanyanya uye zvinoramba zviri nyaya inopisa mumunda wekabhoni zvinhu.Girazi kabhoni inogona kuiswa mumhando mbiri: Type I uye Type II girazi kabhoni.Type I yegirazi kabhoni inosiirwa kubva kune organic precursors patembiricha iri pasi pe2000 ° C uye ine kunyanya yakamisikidzwa yakakomberedzwa graphene zvimedu.Type II girazi kabhoni, kune rumwe rutivi, yakanyungudutswa patembiricha yepamusoro (~ 2500 ° C) uye inoumba amorphous multilayered matatu-dimensional matrix ye self-akaungana fullerene-kunge spherical zvimiro (sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pazasi).
Glassy Carbon Structure Representation (Kuruboshwe) uye High-resolution Electron Microscopy Image (Kurudyi)
Tsvagiridzo ichangoburwa yakawana kuti Type II girazi kabhoni inoratidza kusimba kwepamusoro kupfuura Type I, iyo inonzi inoenderana neyakazviunganidza yakazara-senge spherical zvimiro.Kunyangwe misiyano mishoma yejometri, ese Type I uye Type II girazi kabhoni matrices anonyanya kuumbwa neakakanganiswa curled graphene.
Zvishandiso zveGlassy Carbon
Girazi kabhoni ine zvinhu zvakawanda zvakatanhamara, zvinosanganisira kudzikira kwakadzika, kuomarara kwakanyanya, simba rakawanda, kusamira kwegasi uye zvinwiwa, yakanyanya kupisa uye kugadzikana kwemakemikari, izvo zvinoita kuti ishande zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri akadai sekugadzira, chemistry, uye zvemagetsi.
01 High-Temperature Applications
Girazi kabhoni inoratidzira tembiricha yakakwira mugasi inert kana nharaunda yevacuum, inoshingirira tembiricha inosvika 3000°C.Kusiyana nezvimwe zveceramic uye simbi yepamusoro-tembiricha zvinhu, simba regirazi kabhoni rinowedzera nekupisa uye rinogona kusvika kusvika 2700K risingaite brittle.Iyo zvakare ine yakaderera mashoma, yakaderera kupisa kunyura, uye yakaderera kupisa kwekuwedzera, ichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kune akasiyana-epamusoro-tembiricha maapplication, anosanganisira thermocouple ekudzivirira machubhu, kurodha masisitimu, uye zvikamu zvechoto.
02 Chemical Applications
Nekuda kwekukwirira kwayo kwekuora, girazi kabhoni rinowana kushandiswa kwakanyanya mukuongorora kwemakemikari.Zvishandiso zvinogadzirwa kubva mugirazi kabhoni zvinopa zvakanakira pamusoro pezvakajairwa murabhoritari midziyo yakagadzirwa kubva platinamu, goridhe, mamwe simbi isingaite ngura, yakakosha ceramics, kana fluoroplastics.Aya mabhenefiti anosanganisira kuramba kune ese anonyorova ekuora maajenti, hapana ndangariro mhedzisiro (isingadzoreki adsorption uye desorption yezvinhu), hapana kusvibiswa kwemasamples akaongororwa, kuramba kune acid uye alkaline inonyungudika, uye isina-porous girazi pamusoro.
03 Dental Technology
Girazi kabhoni crucibles inowanzoshandiswa muhunyanzvi hwemazino kunyungudutsa simbi dzinokosha uye titanium alloys.Ivo vanopa mabhenefiti akadai seyakakwira yekupisa conductivity, hupenyu hurefu kana uchienzaniswa ne graphite crucibles, hapana kusungirirwa kwesimbi dzakanyungudutswa, kupisa kutyisa kuramba, kushanda kune ese akakosha simbi uye titanium alloys, kushandiswa mu induction casting centrifuges, kusikwa kwemhepo inodzivirira pamusoro pesimbi yakanyungudutswa, uye kubviswa kwekudiwa kwekuyerera.
Iko kushandiswa kwegirazi kabhoni crucibles kunoderedza kupisa uye kunyunguduka nguva uye inobvumira kupisa makoiri eiyo inonyunguduka kuti ishande pane yakaderera tembiricha pane echinyakare midziyo ye ceramic, nekudaro ichidzikisa nguva inodiwa pakukanda kwega kwega uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwe crucible.Uyezve, kusanyorova kwayo kunobvisa kunetseka kwekurasikirwa kwezvinhu.
04 Semiconductor Zvikumbiro
Girazi kabhoni, ine kuchena kwayo kwepamusoro, kusarudzika corrosion kuramba, kusavapo kwechikamu chechizvarwa, conductivity, uye yakanaka michina zvivakwa, chinhu chakanakira kugadzirwa semiconductor.Crucibles uye mabhoti akagadzirwa kubva kugirazi kabhoni anogona kushandiswa kunyungudika nzvimbo yezvikamu zvesemiconductor uchishandisa nzira dzeBridgman kana Czochralski, synthesis yegallium arsenide, uye imwe chete crystal kukura.Pamusoro pezvo, girazi kabhoni rinogona kushanda sezvikamu muion implantation masisitimu uye ma electrode muplasma etching masisitimu.Kujeka kwayo kweX-ray kunogadzirawo girazi kabhoni machipisi akakodzera X-ray mask substrates.
Mukupedzisa, girazi kabhoni inopa yakasarudzika zvivakwa zvinosanganisira yakakwirira tembiricha kuramba, kemikari inertness, uye yakanakisa mechaniki kuita, ichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kune akasiyana siyana ekushandisa mumaindasitiri akasiyana.
Bata Semicera kune yakasarudzika girazi kabhoni zvigadzirwa.
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Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-18-2023